The presented technique's broad applicability makes it suitable for real-time oxidation or other semiconductor process monitoring, provided a real-time, accurate spatio-spectral (reflectance) mapping capability exists.

Pixelated energy-resolving detectors, enabling a hybrid energy- and angle-dispersive technique for acquisition, facilitate the acquisition of X-ray diffraction (XRD) signals, potentially driving the innovation of novel benchtop XRD imaging or computed tomography (XRDCT) systems utilizing easily accessible polychromatic X-ray sources. A commercially available pixelated cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector, the HEXITEC (High Energy X-ray Imaging Technology), was employed in this study to exemplify the operation of such an XRDCT system. Researchers contrasted a novel fly-scan technique with the existing step-scan method, which ultimately reduced total scan time by 42% and simultaneously improved spatial resolution, material contrast, and material classification.

A technique employing femtosecond two-photon excitation was developed for visualizing the interference-free fluorescence of hydrogen and oxygen atoms concurrently in turbulent flames. The single-shot, simultaneous imaging of these radicals in non-stationary flames is a pioneering accomplishment of this work. To determine how the fluorescence signal displayed the distribution of hydrogen and oxygen radicals in premixed methane/oxygen flames, equivalence ratios were assessed from 0.8 to 1.3. The calibration measurements, applied to the images, indicate single-shot detection limits that are of the order of a few percent. The experimental profiles demonstrated a parallel trend to the profiles generated by flame simulations.

Employing holography, one can reconstruct both the intensity and phase aspects, yielding substantial applications in microscopic imaging techniques, optical security systems, and data storage. In recent advancements of holography technologies, the azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode index, or orbital angular momentum (OAM), has been integrated as an independent variable for high-security encryption purposes. In the field of holography, the radial index (RI) of LG mode has not been utilized as a form of information transmission. By applying strong RI selectivity in the spatial-frequency domain, RI holography is proposed and demonstrated. Fungal bioaerosols Subsequently, the LG holography, both theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, employs (RI, OAM) values spanning from (1, -15) to (7, 15), resulting in a 26-bit LG multiplexing hologram for robust high-security optical encryption. Holographic information systems of high capacity are constructible using LG holography. Employing LG-multiplexing holography, our experiments achieved the realization of 217 independent LG channels. This accomplishment currently outpaces the limitations of OAM holography.

Integrated optical phased arrays, utilizing splitter-tree architectures, are examined with regards to the effects of intra-wafer systematic spatial variation, pattern density discrepancies, and line edge roughness. Guggulsterone E&Z Variations in the array dimension can lead to substantial differences in the emitted beam profile. An examination of diverse architectural parameters is undertaken, and the resultant analysis is found to align with empirical results.

We describe the engineering and fabrication of a polarization-keeping fiber designed for fiber optic THz communication. Within the hexagonal over-cladding tube, the fiber's subwavelength square core is suspended by four bridges. The fiber's construction is optimized for low transmission losses, ensuring high birefringence, high flexibility, and near-zero dispersion at the 128 GHz carrier frequency. The infinity 3D printing process is deployed to continuously manufacture a 5-meter-long polypropylene fiber with a diameter of 68 mm. Fiber transmission losses are decreased, owing to the post-fabrication annealing process, potentially by as high as 44dB/m. The cutback method, applied to 3-meter annealed fibers, showed power losses of 65-11 dB/m and 69-135 dB/m over the 110-150 GHz bandwidth, relevant to orthogonally polarized modes. A 16-meter fiber optic link operating at 128 GHz enables data transmission rates ranging from 1 to 6 Gbps, while maintaining exceptionally low bit error rates of 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻⁵. The polarization-maintaining behavior of the fiber is validated by the 145dB and 127dB average polarization crosstalk figures found in orthogonal polarization tests conducted over 16-2 meters, demonstrating its effectiveness in maintaining polarization over 1-2 meter sections. Concluding the analysis, terahertz imaging of the fiber's near-field region highlighted strong modal confinement of the two orthogonal modes, deeply within the suspended core region of the hexagonal over-cladding. We posit that this investigation demonstrates the remarkable potential of 3D infinity printing, enhanced by post-fabrication annealing, in consistently producing high-performance fibers with intricate geometries suitable for demanding THz communication applications.

Gas-jet-generated below-threshold harmonics pave the way for optical frequency combs within the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) domain. The 150nm spectrum holds particular promise for scrutinizing the nuclear isomeric transition within the Thorium-229 isotope. With widely accessible, high-power, high-repetition-rate ytterbium lasers, below-threshold harmonic generation, specifically the seventh harmonic of 1030 nanometers, facilitates the generation of VUV frequency combs. For creating effective vacuum ultraviolet light sources, the obtainable efficiencies of the harmonic generation process are indispensable. This paper focuses on measuring the total output pulse energies and conversion efficiencies of below-threshold harmonics in gas jets, using a phase-mismatched scheme with Argon and Krypton as nonlinear media. Employing a 220 fs, 1030 nm source, we achieve a peak conversion efficiency of 1.11 x 10^-5 for the seventh harmonic (147 nm) and 7.81 x 10^-5 for the fifth harmonic (206 nm). We also characterize the third harmonic component of a 178 femtosecond, 515 nanometer light source, showcasing a peak efficiency of 0.3%.

For the advancement of fault-tolerant universal quantum computing in continuous-variable quantum information processing, non-Gaussian states with negative Wigner function values are critical. Non-Gaussian states have been generated experimentally in multiple cases; however, none have been produced using ultrashort optical wave packets, critical for high-speed quantum computing, within the telecommunication wavelength range where advanced optical communication infrastructure is well-established. This paper describes the generation of non-Gaussian states on wave packets, possessing a duration of 8 picoseconds, situated within the 154532 nm telecommunication band. This was accomplished through the controlled subtraction of photons, with a maximum of three photons removed. Our investigation, utilizing a low-loss, quasi-single spatial mode waveguide optical parametric amplifier, a superconducting transition edge sensor, and a phase-locked pulsed homodyne measurement system, revealed negative Wigner function values without loss correction, extending up to three-photon subtraction. Generating more complex non-Gaussian states becomes feasible through the application of these results, positioning them as a critical technology in high-speed optical quantum computing.

By manipulating the statistical characteristics of photons in a composite device, a scheme for quantum nonreciprocity is presented. This device contains a double-cavity optomechanical system, a spinning resonator, and nonreciprocal coupling. One can observe a photon blockade effect when the spinning mechanism is driven from a single direction, with the same driving strength, but not from the opposite. To attain a flawless nonreciprocal photon blockade within the limited driving intensity, two optimal nonreciprocal coupling strengths are analytically determined, contingent upon varied optical detunings. This analysis hinges on the destructive quantum interference between distinct paths, corroborating numerical simulation results. The photon blockade exhibits different characteristics dependent on the modifications in nonreciprocal coupling, and even weak nonlinear and linear couplings allow the achievement of a perfect nonreciprocal photon blockade, which challenges accepted wisdom.

A strain-controlled all polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber Lyot filter, based on a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fiber stretcher, is demonstrated for the first time. This filter, implemented within an all-PM mode-locked fiber laser, serves as a novel mechanism for rapid wavelength tuning during sweeping. A linear tuning mechanism allows the central wavelength of the output laser to be varied from 1540 nm up to 1567 nm. intermedia performance The strain sensitivity of the proposed all-PM fiber Lyot filter is 0.0052 nm/ , an improvement of 43 times over strain-controlled filters such as fiber Bragg grating filters, which only achieve a sensitivity of 0.00012 nm/ . Wavelength-swept rates exceeding 500 Hz, and wavelength tuning speeds of up to 13000 nm/s, are shown. This performance surpasses by hundreds of times that of conventional sub-picosecond mode-locked lasers using mechanical tuning. A wavelength-tunable all-PM fiber mode-locked laser, exhibiting exceptionally high repeatability and rapid speed, is a promising source for applications demanding rapid wavelength adjustments, such as coherent Raman microscopy.

Tellurite glasses doped with Tm3+/Ho3+ (TeO2-ZnO-La2O3) were fabricated via a melt-quenching process, and their 20m band luminescent properties were investigated. A broadband and relatively flat luminescence emission, extending from 1600 to 2200 nm, was observed in tellurite glass codoped with 10 mole percent of Tm2O3 and 0.085 mole percent of Ho2O3 when illuminated by an 808 nm laser diode. This broad emission originates from the spectral overlapping of the 183 nm Tm³⁺ band and the 20 nm Ho³⁺ band. An additional 103% improvement was realized upon incorporating 0.01mol% CeO2 and 75mol% WO3. This is primarily attributed to cross-relaxation interactions between Tm3+ and Ce3+ ions, along with improved energy transfer from the Tm3+ 3F4 level to the Ho3+ 5I7 level, facilitated by heightened phonon energy.