The Western blot procedure revealed that pre-treatments with CRFG and CCFG resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, and N-GSDMD proteins within the cardiac tissue. In essence, CRFG and CCFG pretreatments display evident cardioprotective properties against myocardial infarction/reperfusion in rats, suggesting that the suppression of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway is a key underlying mechanism responsible for this effect, thus reducing cardiac inflammation.

An established ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technique, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, was employed in this study to investigate the shared characteristics and differences in the major chemical components present in the medicinal parts of Paeonia lactiflora from varying cultivars. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was also developed to simultaneously quantify the levels of eight active constituents in Paeoniae Radix Alba. To perform a non-targeted analysis, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm). The gradient elution used 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. At 30 degrees Celsius, the column temperature was maintained, while an electrospray ionization source collected mass spectrometry data in both positive and negative ion modes. Multi-stage mass spectrometry data, cross-referenced with reference standards and published reports, led to the identification of thirty-six identical compounds in Paeoniae Radix Alba from diverse cultivars, using both positive and negative ion modes for analysis. Negative ion mode analysis successfully segregated two sample groups, specifically isolating seventeen components with significantly different concentrations and characteristics. One of these components was exclusive to “Bobaishao”. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), specifically an Agilent HC-C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column, was utilized for quantitative analysis. A gradient elution, employing 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase, was applied at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees, with the detection wavelength being 230 nanometers. An HPLC technique was developed to identify and measure simultaneously eight active compounds in Paeoniae Radix Albaa from different cultivars. These compounds include gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, 12,34,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, and benzoyl-paeoniflorin. Within the tested linear ranges, the method demonstrated satisfactory linearity with precise coefficients exceeding 0.9990 (r > 0.9990), and the investigation supported its reliability regarding precision, repeatability, and stability. Based on six samples (n=6), the mean recoveries demonstrated a spread of 90.61% to 101.7%, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 0.12% to 3.6%. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS delivered a swift and effective method for identifying chemical compounds in Paeoniae Radix Alba, and the created HPLC technique, characterized by its simplicity, speed, and accuracy, provided a scientific basis for assessing the germplasm resources and quality of the herbal Paeoniae Radix Alba from various cultivars.

Various chromatographic methods were employed to isolate and purify the chemical constituents present in the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Analysis of spectral data, physicochemical characteristics, and comparisons with the literature documented the identification of nine cembranoids. The list includes a novel cembranoid, sefsarcophinolide (1), and well-established ones: (+)-isosarcophine (2), sarcomilitatin D (3), sarcophytonolide J (4), (1S,3E,7E,13S)-11,12-epoxycembra-3,7,15-triene-13-ol (5), sarcophytonin B (6), (-)-eunicenone (7), lobophytin B (8), and arbolide C (9). Analysis of biological activity experiments revealed that compounds 2-6 demonstrated a subdued capacity to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and compound 5 presented a weak cytotoxic profile against the K562 tumor cell line.

Modern chromatographic methods, such as silica gel column chromatography (CC), octadecyl-silica (ODS) CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC), were employed to isolate eleven compounds from the 95% ethanol extract of Dendrobium officinale stems, after initial water extraction. The combined spectroscopic analyses (MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR), optical rotation, and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) confirmed the structures as dendrocandin Y(1), 44'-dihydroxybibenzyl(2), 3-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(3), 33'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(4), 3-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxybibenzyl(5), crepidatin(6), alternariol(7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone(8), 3-hydroxy-45-dimethoxypropiophenone(9), auriculatum A(10), and hyperalcohol(11). Compound 1, a novel bibenzyl derivative, was identified among the extracts. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 6 manifested potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values in the ABTS radical scavenging assay ranging from 311 to 905 molar per liter. learn more Compound 4's inhibitory action on -glucosidase was substantial, quantified by an IC50 of 1742 mol/L, implying a possible hypoglycemic effect.

The peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia (SP) are a traditional Mongolian medicinal remedy, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in combating depression, clearing heat, relieving pain, and improving respiratory function. This substance has demonstrated clinical utility in treating coronary heart disease, insomnia, asthma, and a variety of other ailments impacting the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In a methodical study of the pharmacological compounds in SP, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (~1H-NMR) guided the isolation of 11 novel sesquiterpenoids from the terpene-rich fractions of its ethanol extract. Using spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry (MS) and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the planar structures of the sesquiterpenoids were identified. This resulted in the names pinnatanoids C and D (numbers 1 and 2), and alashanoids T-ZI (numbers 3 through 11). Pinnatane, humulane, seco-humulane, guaiane, carryophyllane, seco-erimolphane, isodaucane, and other types comprised the structural categories of sesquiterpenoids. The stereochemical arrangement remained indeterminate because of the limited amounts of compounds, the presence of multiple chiral centers, the structural adaptability, and the lack of ultraviolet light absorption. Finding a variety of sesquiterpenoids broadens our comprehension of the chemical composition of this genus and species, offering insights for future pharmacological investigations of SP.

By analyzing the origins and specifications of Bupleuri Radix, this study aimed to maintain the precision and consistency of classical formulas, and this led to the identification of specific application frequencies for Bupleurum chinense (Beichaihu) and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium (Nanchaihu). The efficacy and appropriate indications for the use of formulas containing Bupleuri Radix, as the dominant component, as outlined in the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases (Shang Han Za Bing Lun), were studied. learn more Using a CCl4-induced liver injury model in mice and a sodium oleate-induced HepG2 hyperlipidemia cell model, LC-MS was used to explore variations in the efficacy of Bupleuri Radix and the distinctions in chemical compositions, liver protective effects, and lipid lowering impacts of the Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions. In the Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases, seven classical formulas, with Bupleuri Radix as the leading component, were most frequently used to treat digestive, metabolic, immune, circulatory, and a range of additional illnesses, as the results indicate. learn more Bupleuri Radix, primarily acting on the liver, gallbladder, and lipid management, exhibits diverse applications within different herbal formulas. Fourteen differential components were found in the Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions, of which eleven had their chemical structures identified. The identified structures included ten saponins and one flavonoid. The results of the liver-protecting efficacy experiment highlighted the superior ability of Beichaihu decoction to reduce serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in liver injury model mice, compared to Nanchaihu decoction, with a statistically significant difference observed (P<0.001). The lipid-lowering experiment on HepG2 cells using Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions demonstrated a highly significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (P<0.001), with Nanchaihu decoction performing better in lipid reduction. The preliminary results of this investigation revealed disparities in chemical composition and liver-protecting/lipid-lowering activities between Beichaihu and Nanchaihu decoctions, thus underscoring the importance of accurately establishing the origin of Bupleuri Radix in traditional Chinese medicinal formulations. The study furnishes a scientific foundation for both precise clinical medication and accurately assessing the quality of traditional Chinese medicine for clinical use based on its intended purpose.

Outstanding carriers capable of simultaneously loading tanshinone A (TSA) and astragaloside (As) were identified in this study to construct effective antitumor nano-drug delivery systems for TSA and As. TSA-As microemulsions, designated as TSA-As-MEs, were formulated by carefully adding water. Utilizing a hydrothermal method, a TSA-As metal-organic framework (MOF) nano-delivery system was constructed by loading TSA and As into the MOF structure. To characterize the physicochemical properties of the two preparations, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. Using HPLC, drug loading was established; subsequently, the CCK-8 assay determined the effects of the two preparations on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.