Viral antigen was observed widely distributed in the CNS, showing bilateral and symmetrical distribution in the nuclei of the diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. Viral RNA was detected in blood and CSF at one dpi, indicating that the virus crosses the blood-CSF-barrier early during infection. This early dissemination is

possibly favoured by the presence of Sia alpha 2,3 Gal and selleck kinase inhibitor Sia alpha 2,6 Gal receptors in brain vascular endothelial cells, and Sia alpha 2,3 Gal receptors in ependymal and choroid plexus cells. No viral antigen was observed in olfactory sensory neurons, while the olfactory bulb showed only weak staining, suggesting that the virus did not use this pathway to enter into the brain. The sequence learn more of virus appearance and the topographical distribution of this H7N1 HPAIV indicate that the viral entry occurs via the haematogenous route, with early and generalized spreading through the CSF.”
“Objective: To evaluate outcomes of breast cancer genetic counseling in women with and without breast cancer.\n\nMethods: Seventy-seven first-time attendees (n = 44 affected) completed questionnaires assessing cognitions (risk accuracy, knowledge, perceived personal control [PPC]) and distress (state anxiety [STAG cancer-related stress reactions [IES]) from immediately before to immediately and six months after completing

counseling. Data were analyzed using multilevel repeated measures and trend analyses.\n\nResults: In affected counselees, mean cognitions did not significantly differ over time, anxiety significantly decreased, and IES levels were increased immediately Stem Cell Compound Library ic50 post-counseling. In unaffected counselees, cognitions significantly improved over time except for knowledge. Distress levels showed similar patterns as in affected women. Improvements in cognitions and distress were significantly smaller in affected versus unaffected women.\n\nConclusion: Overall, counseling educates women about breast cancer

risk and alleviates their anxiety. Importantly, benefits gained at immediate follow-up seem maintained over time. Practice implication: Affected women seem to benefit less from counseling. Counselors may need to devote more effort into educating these women and addressing their anxieties. Future studies should confirm the unexpected finding that cancer-related distress increased immediately post-counseling. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Light criteria serve as a good starting point in the separation of transudates from exudates. The Light criteria misclassify about 25% of transudates as exudates, and most of these patients are on diuretics. If a patient is thought likely to have a disease that produces a transudative pleural effusion but the Light criteria suggest an exudate by only a small margin, the serum pleural fluid protein gradient should be examined.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these three variants on obesity, through analyses of obesity-related quantitative traits, and case-control studies in large study samples of Danes.\n\nMethods: The FDFT1 rs7001819, CTNNBL1 rs6013029 and rs6020846 were genotyped, using TaqMan allelic discrimination, in a combined study sample comprising 18,014 participants ascertained from; the population-based

Inter99 cohort (n = 6,514), the ADDITION Denmark screening study cohort (n = 8,662), and a population-based sample (n = 680) and a type 2 diabetic patients group (n = 2,158) from Steno Diabetes Center.\n\nResults: Both CTNNBL1 variants associated with body weight and height with per allele effect sizes of 1.0 [0.3-0.8] Selleckchem CYT387 kg and 0.6 [0.2-0.9] cm, respectively, for the rs6020846 G-allele. No association was observed with BMI and waist circumference. In case-control studies neither of the CTNNBL1 variants showed association with overweight, obesity or morbid obesity (rs6013029: Odds Ratio check details (OR)(overweight)

= 1.02 [0.90-1.16], OR(obesity) = 1.09 [0.95-1.25], OR(morbidobesity) = 1.26 [0.91-1.74]; rs6020846: OR(overweight) = 1.05 [0.93-1.18], OR(obesity)= 1.13 [1.00-1.28], OR(morbidobesity) = 1.17 [0.86-1.61]). However, in meta-analyses of the present and the previous study, both the rs6013029 T-allele and the rs6020846 G-allele increased the risk of developing morbid obesity (rs6013029: OR(combined) = 1.36 [1.12-1.64], p = 0.002; rs6020846: OR(combined) = 1.26 [1.06-1.51], p = 0.01), and obesity (rs6013029: OR(combined) = 1.17 [1.04-1.31], p = 0.007; rs6020846: OR(combined) = 1.17 [1.05-1.30], p = 0.004). The FDFT1 rs7001819 C-allele showed no association with obesity-related quantitative measures or dichotomous measures of overweight, obesity

and morbid obesity.\n\nConclusion: CTNNBL1 variants associated with body weight and height, and confer the risk of developing obesity in meta-analyses combining the present and a previous study. FDFT1 rs7001819 showed no association with obesity, neither when analysing quantitative traits nor when performing case-control studies of obesity.”
“Bacterial resistance is a growing threat and yet few new antibiotics active against multi-resistant bacteria MI-503 Epigenetics inhibitor are being explored. A combination of falling profits, regulatory mechanisms and irrational and injudicious use of antibiotics has led to an alarming situation where some infections have no cure. In this article, we summarize the new developments that have been suggested to incentivize the pharmaceutical industries toward the field of infections. We also briefly mention the new compounds on the horizon and some newly approved compounds that might help us tide over this crisis.”
“The pathogenesis of vasospasm (VS) post aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is multifactorial and not completely understood.

These initiators then prompt polymer chain growth to form a thick polymer shell outside of particles, acting as the physical barrier to keep Au particles apart. Particles without DNA hybridization aggregate, accompanied by a pronounced solution color change from red to blue. The focus of this report is to address reaction kinetics of two co-occurring processes: polymer growth and Screening Library ic50 particle aggregation during the reverse colorimetric DNA assay. The results show that Cu ions used as the polymerization catalyst bind strongly to the bases in DNA molecules, resulting in crosslinking of DNA-attached gold nanoparticles and their

subsequent precipitation. Both Cu-ion-assisted particle aggregation and polymer growth are found Prexasertib chemical structure to depend strongly on Cu ion concentration, salt concentration, and reaction temperature. Under the optimized conditions, faster polymer chain growth on the surface overcomes particle aggregation and preserves particle stability via steric stabilization.”
“Objective: The aim of the present study was to improve the health care of people repeatedly

admitted to private hospitals. Method: An open trial in which frequent utilizers were offered telephone case management over a 12 month period, was conducted. Results: An average of 24 phone calls were made to the 99 who remained in the programme for the 12 months. Psychological distress declined significantly over the 12 months, and the number of days in hospital was reduced compared to the previous year. The cost benefit ratio was 1:8.4. Conclusions: The changes

Ricolinostat purchase in well-being and hospitalization over the 12 months were substantial and are unlikely to be due to regression to the mean. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing telephone case management with treatment as usual is indicated.”
“Purpose. To explore the association of features of a person’s neighborhood environment with disability in daily activities.\n\nMethod. We recruited 436 people aged 65 years and over (mean 70.4 years (SD = 3.9)) with functional limitations from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). Features of the neighborhood environment were assessed using the Home and Community Environment (HACE) survey. The Late-Life Disability Instrument (LLDI) was used to assess disability in daily activities. We used logistic regression to examine the association of individual environmental features with disability.\n\nResults. Older adults whose neighborhoods did not have parks and walking areas less frequently engaged in a regular fitness program (OR = 0.4, 95% CI (0.2, 0.7)), and in social activities (OR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.3, 1.0)). Those whose neighborhoods had adequate handicap parking had 1.5-1.8 higher odds of engagement in several social and work role activities. The presence of public transportation was associated with 1.5-2.9 higher odds of not feeling limited in social, leisure, and work role activities, and instrumental activities of daily living.\n\nConclusion.

This effect, with other

factors, depends on the survival of microorganisms in animal waste deposited on pastures. Since temperature is a leading environmental parameter affecting survival, it indirectly impacts water microbial quality. The Q(10) model is widely used to predict the effect of temperature on rates of biological processes, including survival. Objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the applicability of the (210 model to Escherichia coli inactivation in bovine manure deposited on grazing land (i.e., cowpats) and (ii) identify explanatory variables for the previously reported E. coil survival dynamics in cowpats. Data utilized in this study include published results on E. coli concentrations in natural and SIS3 order repacked cowpats from research conducted the U.S. (Virginia and Maryland), New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Inspection of the datasets led to conceptualizing E. coli survival (in cowpats) as a two-stage MLN4924 in vitro process, in which the initial stage was due to growth, inactivation or stationary state of the

population and the second stage was the approximately first-order inactivation. Applying the Q(10) model to these datasets showed a remarkable similarity in inactivation rates, using the thermal time. The reference inactivation rate constant of 0.042 (thermal days)(-1) at 20 degrees C gave a good approximation (R-2 = 0.88) of all inactivation stage data with Q(10) = 1.48. The reference inactivation rate constants in individual studies were no different from the one obtained by pooling all data (P < 0.05). The rate of logarithm of the E. coli concentration change during the first stage depended on temperature. Duration of the first stage, selleck chemicals llc prior to the first-order inactivation stage and the initial concentration of E. coli in cowpats, could not be predicted from available data. Diet and age are probable factors affecting these two parameters however, until their environmental and management predictors are known, microbial water quality modeling must treat them as a stochastic source of uncertainty

in simulation results. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To determine the complication rate for ankle arthroscopy.\n\nA review of a consecutive series of patients undergoing ankle arthroscopy in our hospital between 1987 and 2006 was undertaken. Anterior ankle arthroscopy was performed by means of a 2-portal dorsiflexion method with intermittent soft tissue distraction. Posterior ankle arthroscopy was performed by means of a two-portal hindfoot approach. Complications were registered in a prospective national registration system. Apart from this complication registry, patient records, outpatient charts and operative reports were reviewed. Patients with a complication were asked to visit our hospital for clinical examination and assessment of permanent damage and persisting complaints.\n\nAn overall complication rate of 3.

Limited information was found on recruitment rates and the success of recruitment strategies. Barriers to recruitment identified in the literature included degree of patient illness, lack of interest/perceived benefit, insufficient time, socio-demographic factors and negative clinician attitudes. Our pilot study identified 72 eligible couples of which 66 were approached. Our recruitment strategies resulted in six couples consenting (9.1%) but only three couples completing the study (4.5%). The main reasons for study refusal were the intervention was not needed, lack of interest, insufficient time, patient illness and travel distance.\n\nRecruitment

for couple-based psychotherapy interventions is challenging. More work is required on developing acceptable and feasible recruitment processes for metastatic cancer patients to be able to access support.”
“Background: Strategies for combating increasing childhood obesity is called for. School settings ACY-738 have been pointed out as potentially effective settings for prevention. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of four additional Physical Education (PE) lessons/week in primary schools on body composition and weight status in children aged 8-13.\n\nMethods: Children attending 2nd to 4th grade (n = 632) in 10 public schools, 6 intervention and 4 control

schools, participated in this longitudinal study during 2 school years. Outcome measures: Primary: Body Mass Index (BMI) and AZD1390 purchase Total Body Fat percentage (TBF%) derived from Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary: the moderating effect of overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and adiposity based on TBF% cut offs for gender.\n\nResults: Intervention effect on BMI and TBF% (BMI: beta-0.14, 95% CI:

-0.33; 0.04, TBF%: beta-0.08, 95% CI:-0.65; 0.49) was shown insignificant. However, we found significant beneficial intervention effect on prevalence of OW/OB based on BMI (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.72). The intervention effect on adiposity based on TBF% cut offs was borderline significant (OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0. 39; 1.05).\n\nConclusion: Four additional PE lessons/week at school Evofosfamide can significantly improve the prevalence of OW/OB in primary schoolchildren. Mean BMI and TBF% improved in intervention schools, but the difference with controls was not significant. The intervention had a larger effect in children who were OW/OB or adipose at baseline.”
“The estimation of covariance matrices is a crucial step in several statistical tasks. Especially when using few samples of a high dimensional representation of shapes, the standard maximum likelihood estimation (ML) of the covariance matrix can be far from the truth, is often rank deficient, and may lead to unreliable results. In this paper, we discuss regularization by prior knowledge using maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates. We compare ML to MAP using a number of priors and to Tikhonov regularization.

Here we show that the cancelling feedback not only suppresses the predictable signal but also actively enhances the response to the unpredictable communication signal. A transient mismatch between the predictive feedback and incoming sensory input causes both to be positive: the soma is suddenly depolarized by the unpredictable input, whereas the neuron’s apical dendrites remain depolarized by the lagging cancelling feedback. The apical dendrites IPI-145 allow the backpropagation of somatic spikes. We

show that backpropagation is enhanced when the dendrites are depolarized, causing the unpredictable excitatory input to evoke spike bursts. As a consequence, the feedback driven by a predictable low-frequency signal not only suppresses the response to a redundant stimulus but also induces a bursting response triggered by unpredictable communication signals.”
“Triterpene saponins are throught to be potential anti-tumour agents in many cell types. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and mechanism of a triterpene saponin,

macranthoside B (MB), isolated from Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. (Caprifoliaceae). A cell viability assay showed that MB inhibited cell growth of a panel of six cancer cell lines, especially in human acute promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cells, with an IC(50) value of 3.8 mu mol. A hypodiploid cells assay and an annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining assay showed AG-881 inhibitor a significant increase of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner on HL-60 cells both 24 and 48 h after MB treatment. MB-induced BAY 73-4506 chemical structure apoptosis was through the caspase-mediated pathway, by activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test suggested that an MB-cholesterol

interaction led to the rearrangement of the lipid bilayer and to subsequent cell membrane impairment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MB may exhibit cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells by inducing apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways and also membrane permeabilisation.”
“A Carvalhal, J-G Baril, F Crouzat, et al. Recognizing cognitive and psychiatric changes in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2012;23(4):209-215. Amid numerous complications that plague the health and quality of life of people living with HIV, neurocognitive and psychiatric illnesses pose unique challenges. While there remains uncertainty with respect to the pathophysiology surrounding these disorders, their adverse implications are increasingly recognized. Left undetected, they have the potential to significantly impact patient well being, adherence to antiretroviral treatment and overall health outcomes. As such, early identification of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and psychiatric illnesses will be paramount in the proactive management of affected patients.

05). In addition, the AROCs of the temporal, superior and inferior SBE-β-CD RNFL were higher compared with that of nasal RNFL (P<0.05). The AROCs of all parameters for NAION were not significantly different, with the exception of superior, nasal superior and inferior temporal RNFL (P<0.05). In conclusion, FDOCT is able to detect quantitative differences in the optic disc morphology and RNFL thickness between glaucomatous

and NAION eyes. These differences may provide new insights into the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the two diseases.”
“In normal development and pathology, the vascular system depends on complex interactions between cellular elements, biochemical molecules, and physical forces. The electrokinetic vascular streaming potential (EVSP) is an endogenous extremely low frequency (ELF) electrical field resulting from blood flowing past the vessel wall. While generally unrecognized, it is a ubiquitous electrical biophysical force to which the vascular tree is exposed. Extracellular matrix elastin plays a central role in normal blood vessel function and in the development of atherosclerosis. It was hypothesized that ELF

fields of low amplitude would alter elastin accumulation, supporting a link between the EVSP and the biology of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cell cultures were exposed selleck chemicals chronically to electrical fields characteristic of the EVSP. Extracellular protein accumulation, DNA content, and electron microscopic (EM) evaluation were performed after 2 weeks of exposure. Stimulated CA3 cultures showed no significant change in cellular proliferation as measured by the DNA concentration. The per-DNA normalized protein in the extracellular matrix was unchanged while extracellular elastin accumulation decreased 38% on average. EM analysis showed that the stimulated cells had a 2.85-fold increase in mitochondrial number. These results support the formulation

that ELF fields are a potential factor in both normal vessel biology and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases including heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Bioelectromagnetics 34:358-365, 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Catalysts composed of NiO/Y2O3/ZrO2 mixtures were synthesized by the polymerization method in a single step. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), physisorption of N-2 (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and then tested in the oxidative reforming of a model biogas (1.5CH(4):1CO(2)) in the presence of oxygen (1.5CH(4) + 1CO(2) + 0.25O(2)) at 750 degrees C for 6 h. It was observed that the catalysts Ni20YZ and Ni40YZ performed better in catalytic processes than NiO/ZrO2 and NiO/Y2O3, synthesized under the same conditions.

A concept that could be extrapolated to the overall outcome of HIV disease, whereby control versus progression may reside in buy GDC-0941 the host’s capacity to maintain DC homeostasis at mucosal sites, where DC populations present an inherent capacity of modulating the balance between tolerance and protection, and are amongst the earliest cell types to be exposed to the virus.”
“Cancer survival is a key indicator of the effectiveness and social justice of health services.

However, little is known about cancer survival among Hispanics, how it varies by Hispanic subgroup (Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Others), and how their survival patterns relate to the Hispanic Paradox.\n\nWe studied all 1.2 million cancer cases diagnosed during 1995-2003, in two states, Florida and Texas, according to three categories of outcome: highly fatal outcome, poor outcome, and moderate outcome. All were followed up until December 31, 2006. We calculated survival rates for each Hispanic subgroup, and using Cox regression, we studied the risk of death for each Hispanic subgroup compared with non-Hispanic Whites, adjusted for age, cancer site, and stage at diagnosis.\n\nImportant differences in cancer survival were found according to Hispanic subgroup. For cancers of moderate outcome, the adjusted risk of death was higher among all Hispanic populations in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites: 6% higher for Cubans, 11% for Puerto Ricans, and

13% for US-born Mexicans. Foreign-born Mexicans, even with incomplete follow-up, had a 24% higher risk of death. For foreign-born PXD101 price Hispanics, except Cubans, the mortality follow-up of cancers of highly fatal outcome was insufficient, resulting in missing deaths and thus unrealistically high survival rates.\n\nNo evidence of a Hispanic advantage was found in cancer survival. Improvement in mortality follow-up procedures for Latinos, especially for those without a valid social security number, is critical. By considering Hispanics as a whole rather than by subgroup, existing survival disparities are being missed.”
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder of

unknown aetiology that gradually destroys brain cells and represents the most prevalent PU-H71 in vitro form of dementia in western countries. The main aim of this study was to analyse the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) background activity from 20 AD patients and 21 elderly control subjects using Higuchi’s fractal dimension (HFD). This non-linear measure can be used to estimate the dimensional complexity of biomedical time series. Before the analysis with HFD, the stationarity and the non-linear structure of the signals were proved. Our results showed that MEG signals from AD patients had lower HFD values than control subjects’ recordings. We found significant differences between both groups at 71 of the 148 MEG channels (p < 0.01; Student’s t-test with Bonferroni’s correction).

Pyrano[2,3-b] indol-2(9H)-ones are synthesized by three different metal-free syntheses (DCC, DMSO; CDI, DBU, CH2Cl2; or Mukaiyama’s MK-1775 purchase reagent, Et3N, MeCN) and pyrano[2,3-b]indol-4(9H)-ones are prepared by one-pot or two-step synthesis. Pyrazolo[3,4-b]indoles are synthesized by Fischer indole type cyclization and McMurry coupling is employed for

the synthesis of furo[2,3-b]indoles. All these core structures are synthesized from simple, common 3-acetylindol-2-ols.”
“Four indigenous thermo-tolerant Desmodesmus sp. strains were examined for their ability to produce lutein. Among them, Desmodesmus sp. F51 was the best strain for this purpose. The medium composition, nitrate concentration and light intensity were manipulated to improve the phototrophic growth and lutein production of Desmodesmus sp. F51. It was found that a nitrogen-sufficient condition was required for lutein accumulation, while a high light intensity enhanced cell growth but caused a decrease in the lutein content. The best cell growth and lutein production occurred when the light intensity and initial nitrate concentration were 600 mu mol/m(2)/s and 8.8 mM, respectively. The fed-batch cultivation strategy was shown to further improve lutein production. The highest lutein productivity (3.56 +/- 0.10 mg/L/d) and content

(5.05 +/- 0.20 mg/g) were obtained when pulse-feeding of 2.2 mM nitrate was employed. This study demonstrated the potential of using Desmodesmus sp. F51 as a lutein producer in practical www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-809.html applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background. The submandibular gland is commonly removed during neck dissection involving sublevel IB. However, removal reduces basal salivary secretion and therapeutic options for minimizing xerostomia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether all lymph nodes in sublevel IB can be extirpated without removing the submandibular gland.\n\nMethods.

Twenty consecutive patients undergoing 33 neck dissections were prospectively enrolled. Sublevel IB dissection was performed by 3 sequential steps: (1) removal of targeted lymph node groups (preglandular and postglandular, prevascular and postvascular), (2) removal of submandibular gland, and (3) removal of residual lymphoadipose tissue in the surgical bed.\n\nResults. Complete removal of lymph nodes in sublevel IB PFTα solubility dmso was achieved before excising the submandibular gland in all of the 30 eligible neck dissections. The submandibular gland and the surgical bed contained no residual lymph nodes.\n\nConclusion. In suitable cases, it is technically feasible to remove all lymph nodes in sublevel IB and preserve the submandibular gland. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 33: 603-609, 2011″
“BACKGROUND: Up to now the effect of inhibitory compounds on the anaerobic digestion performance of urban and industrial wastewaters has been mostly studied in fluidized bed and upflowing anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactors but not in upflow packed-bed biodigesters.

05) and significant increase for FFM (P<0.05) in the PLRT and GIRT groups after the 10 week period, while it remained unchanged

in PL and GI groups. Furthermore, Mean BMI, HDL, LDL and triglyceride remained unchanged in all groups (p>0.05). For the base of these results suggested resistance training has been an effective therapeutic devise to favourable changes in lipid profiles and body composition in obese individual. Moreover, ginger consumption in 1 gr/day dose did not cause any significant effects.”
“Background-The incidence and impact of clinical stroke and silent radiographic cerebral Androgen Receptor inhibitor infarction complicating open surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) are poorly characterized. Methods and Results-We performed a prospective cohort study of subjects bigger than = 65 years of age who were undergoing AVR for calcific aortic stenosis. Subjects were evaluated by neurologists preoperatively and postoperatively and underwent postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Over a 4-year period,

196 subjects were enrolled at 2 sites (mean age, 75.8 +/- 6.2 years; 36% women; 6% nonwhite). Clinical strokes were detected in 17%, transient click here ischemic attack in 2%, and in-hospital mortality was 5%. The frequency of stroke in the Society for Thoracic Surgery database in this cohort was 7%. Most strokes were mild; the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 3 (interquartile range, 1-9). Clinical stroke was associated with increased length of stay (median, 12 versus 10 days; P=0.02). Moderate or severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale bigger than = 10) occurred in 8 (4%) and was strongly associated with in-hospital mortality (38% versus 4%; P=0.005). Of the 109 stroke-free subjects with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, silent infarct was identified in 59 (54%). Silent infarct was not associated with in-hospital mortality or increased length of stay. Conclusions-Clinical

stroke after AVR was more common than reported previously, more than double for this same cohort in the Society BVD-523 supplier for Thoracic Surgery database, and silent cerebral infarctions were detected in more than half of the patients undergoing AVR. Clinical stroke complicating AVR is associated with increased length of stay and mortality.”
“A series of highly luminescent oxadiazole-based stilbene molecules (OXD4, OXD8, OXD10, and OXD12) exhibiting interesting enantiotropic liquid crystalline and gelation properties have been synthesized and characterized. The molecules possessing longer alkyl substituents, OXD10 and OXD12, possess a pseudodisc shape and are capable of behaving as supergelators in nonpolar solvents, forming self-standing gels with very high thermal and mechanical stability.